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Fundamental View
AS OF 29 Jul 2025KB Financial Group has grown steadily through the acquisitions of non-bank companies in Korea and small banks in Indonesia and Cambodia. Its banking subsidiary, Kookmin Bank, operates the largest branch network in Korea, with a particularly strong presence in the retail market. This makes it a systemically important bank, with strong potential government support if needed.
The group has a good track record, and its large mass-market franchise gives it a strong customer base. It has a well-diversified business and the highest CET1 ratio among the four major financial groups.
Business Description
AS OF 29 Jul 2025- KB Financial Group (KBFG) is a well-diversified and well-run group. Its main subsidiaries, in addition to Kookmin Bank (KB), are Kookmin Card, KB Insurance, KB Securities, KB Capital (leasing), and KB Asset Management.
- KB was the result of several mergers after the Asian economic crisis of the late 1990s. Its main predecessors were Citizen's National Bank and Housing & Commercial Bank, both retail-focused banks that have given it the leading position in Korean retail banking.
- For the near term, the group doesn't expect further M&A. It has looked for growth overseas, focusing on Indonesia (where it has taken a 67% stake in Bank Bukopin) and Cambodia (it took a 100% shareholding in Prasac, a micro-finance lender, over 2020-21). It also bought Prudential Financial's Korean insurance business in 2020, which was subsequently merged with KB Insurance.
Risk & Catalysts
AS OF 29 Jul 2025As one of Korea’s “Big Four” financial groups, we believe that KBFG would likely receive governmental support if needed.
Credit costs normalised to 45 bp in FY24 (from a spike to 73 bp in FY23) – a level more consistent with peers, but 1H25 credit costs at 55 bp were higher than peers again; however, it also has the highest NPL coverage ratio among the Big 4.
KBFG has the highest NIM among the four FGs, largely thanks to the highest NIM at Kookmin bank among the Big 4 banks.
KBFG is expanding by business line and overseas with a focus on Indonesia and Cambodia—markets with more favourable demographics, growth potential, and profit margins than Korea but also more risk. The profit plan for the Indonesian subsidiary has been slower than expected, with it finally turning profitable in 1H25.
Key Metric
AS OF 29 Jul 2025| KRW bn | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | 1H25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Provision Profit ROA | 1.14% | 1.05% | 1.36% | 1.37% | 1.49% |
| ROA | 0.69% | 0.57% | 0.65% | 0.68% | 0.90% |
| ROE | 10.2% | 8.8% | 9.1% | 9.7% | 13.0% |
| Provisions/Loans | 0.31% | 0.45% | 0.73% | 0.45% | 0.55% |
| NPL ratio | 0.33% | 0.34% | 0.57% | 0.65% | 0.72% |
| CET1 Ratio | 13.5% | 13.2% | 13.6% | 13.5% | 13.7% |
| Equity/Assets | 7.3% | 7.9% | 8.2% | 7.9% | 7.8% |
| Net Interest Margin | 1.83% | 1.96% | 2.08% | 2.03% | 1.98% |
CreditSight View Comment
AS OF 28 Jul 2025KBFG is one of the “Big 4” finanical groups in South Korea, and its banking subsidiary, Kookmin Bank, enjoys the strongest franchise with a particularly strong presence in the retail market. This makes it a systemically important bank, with strong potential government support if needed. KBFG has a good track record and a well-diversified business. Capital standing is the key strength, with the current highest group CET1 ratio. Credit costs are relatively high compared to peers in recent years, but its NPL coverage ratio is also the highest. It delivered the highest returns among the Big 4 in 1H25, and asset quality metrics showed improvement.
Recommendation Reviewed: July 28, 2025
Recommendation Changed: September 22, 2020
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Fundamental View
AS OF 29 Jul 2025Hana Financial Group (Hana FG) struggled for several years to make its acquisition of the former Korea Exchange Bank a success, but results improved dramatically in 2015 as revenues grew and cost efficiencies improved. It has produced strong results since 2020.
The group is looking for inorganic growth in its non-bank businesses as it has fallen behind Shinhan FG and KBFG in this area, but has so far shied away from a large acquisition.
Hana Bank has the highest CET 1 ratio among the Korean Big 4 banks.
Business Description
AS OF 29 Jul 2025- Hana FG is the third-largest financial group in South Korea. From small origins as a finance company in the 1970s, after the 1997 Asian crisis, Hana grew by acquiring three other banks, including the much older Seoul Bank, which had a banking and trust management business.
- Hana FG bought Korea Exchange Bank (KEB) from Lone Star in 2012 after overcoming many hurdles, but due to staff union opposition, it could not merge with Hana Bank until 2015.
- Hana FG's overseas business is smaller than its peers, and is complemented by KEB's extensive international operations. KEB was started in 1967 as a government-owned bank specializing in foreign exchange. It had a leading share in FX transactions and trade finance among Korean banks.
- Hana FG has shown good growth in its credit card and securities non-bank businesses, but is less diversified than its larger peers KB and Shinhan, which have also acquired insurance companies. Its latest acquisition (in 2019) was a 15% stake in Vietnam's state-owned Bank for Investment & Development (BIDV). In 2023, Hana FG decided not to proceed with the acquisition of KDB Life Insurance after two months of due diligence.
Risk & Catalysts
AS OF 29 Jul 2025Hana FG’s credit costs at ~30 bp in FY24 and 1H25 were lower than peers (in the range of 40-60 bp). However, the group’s NPL coverage ratio was also ~20-30 ppt behind peers.
NIMs are lower than those of KB and Shinhan at both the group and bank levels. The profit contribution from non-bank entities to group profits is also lagging behind these two peers. Both metrics are comparable to Woori’s.
Non-banking businesses have underperformed in recent years, with profit contributions falling from 20–30% in 2019–2021 to around 10%, primarily due to elevated provisions for domestic real estate project financing and valuation losses related to overseas commercial real estate.
Key Metric
AS OF 29 Jul 2025| KRW bn | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | 1H25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Provision Profit ROA | 1.07% | 1.10% | 1.11% | 1.00% | 1.13% |
| ROA | 0.74% | 0.66% | 0.59% | 0.61% | 0.73% |
| ROE | 10.9% | 10.1% | 9.0% | 9.1% | 10.8% |
| Provisions/Loans | 0.16% | 0.34% | 0.46% | 0.32% | 0.30% |
| NPL Ratio | 0.32% | 0.34% | 0.50% | 0.62% | 0.75% |
| CET1 Ratio | 13.8% | 13.2% | 13.2% | 13.2% | 13.4% |
| Equity/Assets | 6.8% | 6.4% | 6.6% | 6.7% | 6.7% |
| Net Interest Margin | 1.66% | 1.83% | 1.82% | 1.69% | 1.71% |
CreditSight View Comment
AS OF 28 Jul 2025Hana FG grew through acquisitions but only in 2015 was it able to merge its two main bank units to form KEB-Hana Bank. Hana’s management has a good record but for some years struggled to extract value from its acquisitions. Its performance for the past few years has generally been strong. More focus has been put on RWA management and capital enhancement since 2H24. There is potential for further improvements in the non-bank segment. Hana’s credit costs were lower than those of its peers, but this has also resulted in the lowest NPL coverage ratio among the four FGs. The group aims to maintain a CET1 ratio of 13-13.5%. We have a Market perform recommendation at both group and bank levels.
Recommendation Reviewed: July 28, 2025
Recommendation Changed: April 24, 2017
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Search topics about wealth insights and investments.T-Mobile US
- Sector: Technology Media and Telecommunications
- Sub Sector: Telecommunications
- Region: US
- Bond: TMUS 3.5 31
- Indicative Yield-to-Maturity (YTM): 4.275%
- Credit Rating : Baa1 / BBB+ / BBB+
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Fundamental View
AS OF 28 Jul 2025- We expect T-Mobile will maintain its position as the industry leader in postpaid phone net additions, service revenue and EBITDA growth in 2025. We think the company has significant subscriber runway remaining in the suburban/rural and enterprise markets.
- Adjusted net leverage (2.3x at 2Q25) is 0.3x/0.6x lower than AT&T/Verizon. Relatively strong EBITDA growth and a modest dividend commitment results in greater financial flexibility than peers.
- T-Mobile benefits from the strongest spectrum position in the industry, including an average of 181 MHz in the 2.5 GHz band, which results in better 5G network coverage than AT&T and Verizon.
Business Description
AS OF 28 Jul 2025- TMUS is the one of the top 3 U.S. wireless carriers and is owned ~51% by Deutsche Telekom (DT). On April 1, 2020, TMUS and S completed an all-stock merger, valuing S at an EV of approximately $59.7 bn.
- TMUS ended 2024 with ~130 mn customers, including 104 mn postpaid and 25 mn prepaid.
- TMUS reaches 330+mn POPs with its Extended Range 5G network (using the 600 MHz spectrum) and reaches 300mn customers with its Ultra Capacity 5G.
Risk & Catalysts
AS OF 28 Jul 2025- Converged wireless/broadband offers from cable operators raises the risk of pricing pressure in the mature consumer wireless market.
- The company has not shied away from acquisitions. T-Mobile recently acquired Mint Mobile, two FTTH JVs and will soon close its purchase of US Cellular. So far, M&A has not had much impact on T-Mobile’s credit metrics, but further moves into FTTH may be received poorly by investors.
- With T-Mobile’s credit rating now comfortably in the mid-BBB area and leverage in the vicinity of the group’s mid-2x target area, we expect the company’s capital allocation to shift toward shareholder returns.
Key Metric
AS OF 28 Jul 2025| $ mn | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | LTM 2Q25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 80,118 | 79,571 | 78,558 | 81,400 | 84,052 |
| Organic Revenue Growth | 7.3% | (0.7%) | (1.3%) | 3.6% | 6.3% |
| EBITDA | 26,924 | 27,821 | 29,428 | 31,864 | 32,965 |
| Adj. EBITDA Growth | (64.0%) | 33.9% | 5.8% | 8.3% | 8.0% |
| Adj. EBITDA Margin | 33.6% | 35.0% | 37.5% | 39.1% | 39.2% |
| CapEx % of Sales | 15.4% | 17.6% | 12.5% | 10.9% | 10.7% |
| Total Debt | 79,574 | 78,425 | 83,586 | 84,255 | 88,871 |
| Net Debt | 72,943 | 73,918 | 78,451 | 78,846 | 78,612 |
| Gross Leverage | 3.4x | 3.0x | 2.9x | 2.7x | 2.7x |
| Net Leverage | 3.0x | 2.7x | 2.6x | 2.4x | 2.3x |
| Interest Coverage | 7.2x | 8.0x | 8.3x | 8.7x | 8.7x |
| FCF as % of Debt | 13.7% | 13.2% | 19.2% | 23.0% | 22.7% |
CreditSight View Comment
AS OF 23 Oct 2025We expect TMUS will once again lead the Big 3 in major KPIs in 2025, including ~6% EBITDA growth. We view earnings/growth visibility as higher than peers, with the outlook supported by its leading 5G mid-band coverage (over 300 million PoPs with ~200 MHz) and historical under-penetration in rural and enterprise markets. T-Mobile also boasts the lowest leverage (~2.5x) and strongest FCF/debt ratio amongst the Wireless Big 3, while its rising FCF generation and comparatively low dividend commitment provide flexibility for selective M&A. Despite the rising focus on convergence, we believe TMUS will stick with its off-balance sheet strategy for FTTH JVs and view the risk of a transformational broadband acquisition (ILEC or cable) as extremely low.
Recommendation Reviewed: October 23, 2025
Recommendation Changed: March 18, 2021
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Fundamental View
AS OF 25 Jul 2025IBK benefits from a legally binding solvency guarantee from the Korean government and is viewed as a Korean quasi-sovereign issuer. The bank is listed, but remains majority state-owned. Previous governments had proposed privatizing it, but subsequent governments scrapped these plans. The government intends to keep its stake above 50%, and wants IBK to focus on lending to SMEs and provide earlier stage investment capital.
IBK manages the difficult feat of combining its policy role to support Korean SMEs with performance that compares creditably with Korean commercial banks.
Business Description
AS OF 25 Jul 2025- IBK was established under its own Act in 1961 to assist the development of Korea's small business sector. It claims a 24% market share in SME lending.
- It was listed in the early 1990s, but was re-nationalised following heavy losses in the Asian economic crisis of the late 1990s. It was re-listed in 2003, and is majority owned by the government which holds 59.5%; the National Pension Scheme holds 5.6%, and other policy banks have small stakes (7.2% by Korea Development Bank and 1.8% by the Export-Import Bank of Korea).
- Under Article 43 of the IBK Act, if the bank incurs losses they should be set against its reserves and "if the reserves are not sufficient the Government shall assume the remaining loss". Although this is a solvency guarantee and not an explicit guarantee for the timely payment of debts, we believe the Korean government will ensure IBK is in a position to make such timely payments.
Risk & Catalysts
AS OF 25 Jul 2025The bank’s ratings are closely tied to the Korean sovereign’s ratings due to its quasi-sovereign status.
Its ratings and its default risk should therefore not be impacted by any deterioration in its financials, provided the government continues to inject new capital when needed, which it is expected to.
Its policy mandate requires it to use at least 70% of its funding for SMEs. Risks are mitigated by its granular SME exposures which are more than 80% secured, including guarantee from state-owned credit guarantee agencies. Korean governments have also always been quick to provide support including capital injections to IBK when needed, with the most recent injection of KRW 1.3 tn during the COVID.
Key Metric
AS OF 25 Jul 2025| KRW bn | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | 1H25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Provision Operating Profit / Average Assets | 1.30% | 1.49% | 1.59% | 1.39% | 1.34% |
| ROAA | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% |
| ROAE | 9.2% | 9.5% | 8.8% | 8.1% | 8.8% |
| Provisions/Average Loans | 0.34% | 0.50% | 0.67% | 0.52% | 0.44% |
| Nonperforming Loans/Total Loans | 0.85% | 0.85% | 1.05% | 1.34% | 1.37% |
| CET1 Ratio | 11.3% | 11.1% | 11.3% | 11.3% | 11.7% |
| Total Equity/Total Assets | 6.92% | 6.79% | 7.10% | 7.25% | 7.18% |
| NIM | 1.51% | 1.78% | 1.79% | 1.70% | 1.59% |
CreditSight View Comment
AS OF 16 Jun 2025IBK is not wholly government owned – 59.5% direct government ownership, 7.2% KDB and 1.8% KEXIM – but is a policy bank benefiting from a Korean government solvency guarantee. For a policy bank it also has a fairly good track record and manages the difficult feat of combining its policy role to support Korean SMEs with performance that compares creditably with Korean commercial banks. As the leading lender to Korea’s medium and small businesses, IBK plays a key role in the country’s economy, enhanced by the longstanding objective of numerous administrations to achieve a more diversified economy less reliant on the “chaebol”. Successive Korean governments have always been quick to provide support including capital injections to the policy banks when needed.
Recommendation Reviewed: June 16, 2025
Recommendation Changed: March 17, 2017
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Search topics about wealth insights and investments.Siam Commercial Bank
- Sector: Financial Services
- Sub Sector: Banks
- Country: Thailand
- Region: Thailand
- Bond: SCBTB 3.9 24
- Indicative Yield-to-Maturity (YTM): 5.573% (Indicative as of March 2)
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Fundamental View
AS OF 24 Jul 2025Siam Commercial Bank (SCBTB) has been a sound and profitable bank. It has a focus on the retail segment and targets to increase margins by growing its non-traditional banking businesses. It announced a major business overhaul in September 2021 to establish a new parent company called SCB X to segregate the group’s core banking services (Gen 1) from its new fintech and digital businesses and to enable greater flexibility and independence.
Recent credit costs however have been elevated due to the riskier exposure that these entail. However, profitability remains healthy and the capital buffer is strong at both the Holdco (SCB X) and Bank (SCB) level.
Business Description
AS OF 24 Jul 2025- Siam Commercial Bank was founded as the "Book Club" in 1904. In 1907, it started operating as a commercial bank and was renamed as "The Siam Commercial Bank". It completed its IPO on the Stock Exchange of Thailand in 1976.
- The bank is 23.58% owned by the King of Thailand, and a further 23.32% is owned by the Vayupak Fund 1, which is controlled by the government.
- SCB is the fourth largest Thai bank by assets and is known for its robust retail franchise.
- Its loan profile was 36% corporate, 17% SME, and 47% retail as of June 2025.
Risk & Catalysts
AS OF 24 Jul 2025We see a meaningful impact to the Thai economy from potential US tariffs, with ripple effects in the form of lower bank NIMs (as more rate cuts come through to support growth) and higher credit costs than earlier guided for this year. Moody’s also downgraded its rating outlook on the Thailand sovereign, and consequently the Thai banks including KBANK, to negative on 29 April 2025, citing increased risks to Thailand’s economic and fiscal strength, partly due to the potential impact of new US tariffs.
The group’s business overhaul and strategic direction comes with higher credit costs from the riskier target segments at the Gen2/3 businesses given the challenged macroeconomic environment. Credit costs may rise again in 2026 there is a bad outcome on tariffs. However, SCB X’s higher NIM and low-40%s cost-income ratio should provide comfortable room for that to be absorbed. We also take comfort in the ringfencing of the bank unit (SCB) from the Group’s riskier business units, and management’s minimum CET1 ratio of 16% at SCB.
Loan growth is likely to remain modest in FY25 given a still soft growth outlook for Thailand.
Key Metric
AS OF 24 Jul 2025| THB mn | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | 1H25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPP ROA | 2.63% | 2.50% | 2.88% | 2.87% | 2.97% |
| ROA | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.3% | 1.3% | 1.4% |
| ROE | 8.4% | 8.3% | 9.3% | 9.1% | 10.4% |
| Equity/Assets | 13.4% | 13.5% | 14.1% | 14.2% | 13.9% |
| CET1 Ratio | 17.6% | 17.7% | 17.6% | 17.7% | 17.8% |
| Reported NPL ratio | 3.79% | 3.34% | 3.44% | 3.37% | 3.31% |
| Provisions/Loans | 1.84% | 1.45% | 1.82% | 1.76% | 1.64% |
| Gross LDR | 93% | 93% | 99% | 97% | 97% |
| Liquidity Coverage Ratio | 202% | 216% | 217% | 212% | n/m |
CreditSight View Comment
AS OF 23 Oct 2025SCB is the 4th largest bank in Thailand and has a leading retail franchise. Asset quality during COVID was poor. It created a new HoldCo structure (SCBX) in 2022 to shift digital units and unsecured retail loans outside the bank, and pledged a >16% CET1 ratio at SCB. The BOT has also ringfenced SCB which further reduces the risk for the SCBTB bonds. The NIM has been strong vs. peers as expected. We expect there to still be a sizable restructured book at SCB, and higher retail exposure amid elevated household debt has resulted in credit costs staying high, but these have been comfortably absorbed. We also see a meaningful impact to the Thai economy from US tariffs, with ripple effects in the form of lower bank NIMs and continued high credit costs. We have an Underperform rec.
Recommendation Reviewed: October 23, 2025
Recommendation Changed: April 22, 2025
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Search topics about wealth insights and investments.Kasikornbank
- Sector: Financial Services
- Sub Sector: Banks
- Region: Thailand
- Bond: KBANK 5.458 28
- Indicative Yield-to-Maturity (YTM): 4.77%
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Fundamental View
AS OF 24 Jul 2025Kasikornbank (KBANK) is a historically sound and profitable bank.
Capitalisation is strong and the bank has among the highest CASA ratios in the banking sector. Asset quality took a surprise turn for the worse in 4Q22 due to its larger SME exposure and the bank has since focused on de-risking its portfolio. Credit costs are improving but remain elevated.
Margins are high compared to most other Thai banks we cover as a result of its strong SME franchise, but the shift in growth focus to the safer but lower yielding segments has diminished its margin lead.
Business Description
AS OF 24 Jul 2025- KBank is currently the second largest bank in Thailand. It briefly was the largest from 2018 until mid-2020, upon which Bangkok Bank completed its acquisition of Indonesia's Bank Permata and took its place.
- KBank's history can be traced back to 1945 when it was first established as Thai Farmers Bank. It was listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand in 1976 and changed its name to Kasikornbank in 2003.
- As of March 2025, the bank's loan mix by segment consists of 41% corporate, 26% SME, 28% retail and 5% others.
- KBank is known for its strong SME franchise. Its focus industries in SME are construction, construction materials, food & beverage, and hardware.
- It partially owns a life insurance company, Muang Thai Life.
Risk & Catalysts
AS OF 24 Jul 2025We see a significant impact to the Thai economy from potential US tariffs, with ripple effects in the form of lower bank NIMs and higher credit costs than earlier guided for this year. Moody’s also downgraded its rating outlook on the Thailand sovereign, and consequently the Thai banks including KBANK, to negative on 29 April 2025, citing increased risks to Thailand’s economic and fiscal strength, partly due to the potential impact of new US tariffs.
KBANK still has a higher retail/SME loan mix and sizable restructured loans portfolio (~8.3% of total loans) and so credit costs remain elevated compared to peers, with guidance now revised to 165-170 bp for 2025. Credit costs may rise again in 2026 if there is a bad outcome on tariffs. KBANK’s higher NIM and low-40%s cost-income ratio however should provide comfortable room for that to be absorbed. The focus on safer segments seems is also helping to rein in credit costs.
KBANK’s switch to focus on safer segments however will weigh on the NIM, which is compounded by more rate cuts from the BOT to support growth. The NIM though currently remains higher than most of its peers.
Key Metric
AS OF 24 Jul 2025| THB mn | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | 1H25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPP ROA | 2.38% | 2.36% | 2.52% | 2.60% | 2.61% |
| ROA | 0.98% | 0.86% | 0.99% | 1.14% | 1.21% |
| ROAE | 8.3% | 7.3% | 8.2% | 8.9% | 9.2% |
| Equity / Assets | 13.1% | 13.4% | 13.9% | 14.9% | 15.0% |
| CET1 Ratio | 15.5% | 15.9% | 16.5% | 17.4% | 17.7% |
| Gross NPL ratio | 3.76% | 3.19% | 3.19% | 3.20% | 3.18% |
| Provisions / Loans | 1.73% | 2.11% | 2.08% | 1.90% | 1.62% |
| Gross LDR | 93% | 91% | 92% | 91% | 89% |
| Liquidity Coverage Ratio | 174% | 164% | 195% | 184% | n/m |
CreditSight View Comment
AS OF 23 Oct 2025Kasikornbank is the 2nd largest bank in Thailand. We are cautious about its one third loan book exposure to SMEs given the macro backdrop; credit costs spiked in 4Q22 mainly from the SME book and high yield small ticket lending, and the restructured loan book remains sizable compared to peers. The bank however has switched to focus on safer segments, which is weighing on the historically high NIM but helped to stabilize credit costs. Credit costs remain fairly elevated but comfortably absorbed thus far. Capital is high with CET1 above 18%. The NIM though is on a decline from lower rates, safer new loans, higher parking of funds in liquidity. We see a meaningful US tariff impact, with ripple effects in the form of lower bank NIMs and continued high credit costs.
Recommendation Reviewed: October 23, 2025
Recommendation Changed: April 22, 2025
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Search topics about wealth insights and investments.JG Summit
- Bond: JGSPM 4.125 30
- Indicative Yield-to-Maturity (YTM): 4.86%
- Credit Rating : Unrated
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Overview
AS OF 24 Jul 2025- JG Summit is a highly diversified Philippine conglomerate with market-leading positions in key sectors, serving a growing middle class in the Philippines and across Asia.
- The company benefits from a synergistic ecosystem across its strategic business units, ecosystem plays, and core investments, which drives value creation.
- A solid financial position and a strong management team underpin its long-term growth objectives and resilience amidst market fluctuations.
CreditSight View Comment
AS OF 30 Oct 2025Recommendation Reviewed:
Recommendation Changed:
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Fundamental View
AS OF 24 Jul 2025Krung Thai Bank is the 3rd largest bank by assets in Thailand, with a 55.07% state ownership through the Financial Institutions Development Fund. We see strong government support underpinning KTB’s underlying credit profile.
The state influence opens the bank up to potentially government-directed lending; it has secured an increasingly meaningful portion of banking business from government agencies and State Owned Enterprises, which underscored its one-notch upgrade by Fitch in Dec-21.
KTB was faced with asset quality challenges in the past and had the highest NPL ratio and restructured loans among the major Thai banks. It has since de-risked its loan book, and asset quality has proven to be more resilient than its peers with lower COVID-19 restructured loans.
Business Description
AS OF 24 Jul 2025- KTB is the 3rd largest bank by assets in Thailand. The Thai Financial Institutions Development Fund owns 55.07% of the bank, and has a free float of 44.93%.
- Being the largest state-owned bank, it secures a meaningful portion of banking business from government agencies and State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and per the bank, is the preferred bank for the government and SOE employees.
- Though state owned, the bank runs on a commercial basis and is not considered as a policy bank.
- KTB's loan profile comprised 45% retail, 25% private corporates, 10% SME, and 20% Government & SOEs at June 2025.
Risk & Catalysts
AS OF 24 Jul 2025We see a significant impact to the Thai economy from potential US tariffs, with ripple effects in the form of lower bank NIMs and higher credit costs than earlier guided for this year. Moody’s also downgraded its rating outlook on the Thailand sovereign, and consequently the Thai banks including KTB, to negative on 29 April 2025, citing increased risks to Thailand’s economic and fiscal strength, partly due to the potential impact of new US tariffs.
NIM pressure is set to continue into the coming quarters on the back of rate cuts to support growth, exacerbated by KTB’s domestically and large corporates focused book. Loan growth will also remain middling across the Thai banks due to a focus on quality amid the current backdrop.
However, we take comfort in KTB’s conservative focus on the government agencies/SOEs segment, which is supporting asset quality well amid the challenging environment.
Key Metric
AS OF 24 Jul 2025| THB mn | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | 1H25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPP ROA | 1.83% | 1.98% | 2.40% | 2.45% | 2.50% |
| ROA | 0.63% | 0.94% | 1.01% | 1.20% | 1.21% |
| ROE | 6.1% | 9.2% | 9.4% | 10.6% | 10.3% |
| Equity/Assets | 10.5% | 10.9% | 11.4% | 12.3% | 12.2% |
| CET1 Ratio | 15.6% | 15.6% | 16.5% | 17.9% | 18.3% |
| Calculated NPL ratio | 3.50% | 3.26% | 3.08% | 2.99% | 2.94% |
| Provisions/Loans | 1.31% | 0.93% | 1.43% | 1.18% | 1.23% |
| Gross LDR | 99% | 98% | 104% | 100% | 97% |
| Liquidity Coverage Ratio | 196% | 201% | 202% | 207% | n/m |
CreditSight View Comment
AS OF 23 Oct 2025KTB is the 3rd largest bank in Thailand by assets and the largest state-owned bank. It is 55% indirectly owned by the Thai government and thus secures meaningful business from government agencies and SOEs (~20% of total loans), which has undergirded its stable asset quality during and post-COVID; it was faced with asset quality challenges in the past, but fundamentals have improved as it de-risked its loan book. We see greater NIM pressure on KTB than most peers from the turn in base rates. We also see a meaningful impact to the Thai economy from US tariffs, with ripple effects in the form of lower bank NIMs and continued high credit costs. The CET1 ratio though is solid at ~18% and the loan mix is safer than peers. We have it on M/P as the $ AT1 has <1 year to call date.
Recommendation Reviewed: October 23, 2025
Recommendation Changed: April 22, 2025
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Fundamental View
AS OF 24 Jul 2025Bangkok Bank is a family run conservative financial institution, with high capital and liquidity levels.
It acquired Indonesia’s Permata Bank in 2020 which resulted in a meaningful decline in its CET1 ratio to 14%. It is back to ~16% range and management aims to keep the CET1 ratio at ~16% in preparation for Basel III final reforms.
Profitability (ROA and ROE) has historically been below the industry average, due in part to higher exposure to the lower-yielding corporates segment that has resulted in a lower NIM. However, the returns gap has narrowed as this has supported its relatively better asset quality than most peers in a prolonged sluggish macroeconomic environment.
Business Description
AS OF 24 Jul 2025- Bangkok Bank was set up in 1944 and was listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand in 1975. It is a family-run bank and the current President of the bank, Chartsiri Sophonpanich, is the grandson of the founder of the bank.
- It is the largest bank by assets in Thailand. It was briefly surpassed by Kasikornbank in 2018, but the Bank Permata acquisition has taken BBL back to No.1.
- The bank is corporate-loan focused, and the loan book was split 49% corporate, 16% SME, 12% retail, and 23% international as at June 2025. It is by far the most international amongst the Thai banks, with branches in 14 economies.
- BBL's overseas presence has been enhanced by the acquisition of Bank Permata, the 12th largest bank in Indonesia. Bank Permata's asset size is ~10% of that of BBL.
Risk & Catalysts
AS OF 24 Jul 2025We see a significant impact to the Thai economy from potential US tariffs, with ripple effects in the form of lower bank NIMs and higher credit costs than earlier guided for this year. Moody’s also downgraded its rating outlook on the Thailand sovereign, and consequently the Thai banks including BBL, to negative on 29 April 2025, citing increased risks to Thailand’s economic and fiscal strength, partly due to the potential impact of new US tariffs.
NIM pressure is set to continue into the coming quarters on the back of rate cuts to support growth. Loan growth will also remain middling across the Thai banks due to a focus on quality amid the current backdrop. However, we take comfort in BBL’s prudent provisioning, high loan loss buffers and safer large corporate book.
The acquisition of Bank Permata of Indonesia in May 2020 provides BBL with exposure to the high growth opportunities of the Indonesian market, but this also presents higher risks.
Key Metric
AS OF 24 Jul 2025| THB mn | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | 1H25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPP ROA | 1.65% | 1.60% | 1.92% | 2.02% | 2.15% |
| ROA | 0.65% | 0.67% | 0.93% | 1.00% | 1.07% |
| ROE | 5.6% | 5.9% | 8.1% | 8.3% | 8.7% |
| Equity / Assets | 11.4% | 11.5% | 11.8% | 12.2% | 12.5% |
| CET1 Ratio | 15.2% | 14.9% | 15.4% | 16.2% | 16.7% |
| Calculated NPL ratio | 3.20% | 3.10% | 2.70% | 2.70% | 3.20% |
| Provisions / Loans | 1.38% | 1.24% | 1.26% | 1.30% | 1.47% |
| Gross LDR | 82% | 84% | 84% | 85% | 85% |
| Liquidity Coverage Ratio | 270% | 271% | 277% | 265% | n/m |
CreditSight View Comment
AS OF 23 Oct 2025Bangkok Bank’s strength has been its large corporate book and strong capital. It completed the acquisition of Indonesia’s Bank Permata (~12% of loans) in 2Q20 which reduced its CET1 ratio to 14%, but it has since rebuilt it to ~18%. Returns though have been lower due to thinner corporate margins, and we see greater NIM pressure on BBL than most peers from the turn in base rates. Disclosure from BBL is less than peers and credit costs rose in 9M25. However, we take comfort in BBL’s strong loss buffers and large corporate book. We also see a meaningful impact to the Thai economy from US tariffs, with ripple effects in the form of lower bank NIMs and continued high credit costs. We have an Underperform rec.
Recommendation Reviewed: October 23, 2025
Recommendation Changed: April 22, 2025
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Search topics about wealth insights and investments.The Export-Import Bank of Korea
- Sector: Financial Services
- Sub Sector: Banks
- Region: Korea
- Bond: EIBKOR 5.125 33
- Indicative Yield-to-Maturity (YTM): 4.55%
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Fundamental View
AS OF 23 Jul 2025KEXIM is a pure policy bank that is directly and indirectly wholly owned by the government of the Republic of Korea, which is obliged under Article 37 of the Export-Import Bank of Korea Act to fund any losses that cannot be covered by the bank’s reserves.
While this is a solvency guarantee and does not explicitly guarantee the timely repayment of debt, we view it as inconceivable that the Korean authorities would fail to provide KEXIM with support in a timely manner, should this be needed, given its crucial policy role and close government links.
Business Description
AS OF 23 Jul 2025- KEXIM was set up in 1976 to support Korean companies in their overseas business through export credit guarantee programs, as well as providing finance for imports and for overseas investment. It provides funding for both short term trade and long term investment, and manages two government-entrusted funds: the Economic Development Cooperation Fund (EDCF), a Korean official development assistance program, and the Inter-Korean Cooperation Fund (IKCF), an economic cooperation program to promote exchanges with North Korea. It is also a conduit through which the government doled out COVID-19 assistance to affected companies.
- Till 2030, KEXIM aims to preferentially focus on seven sectors (hydrogen energy, wind and solar power, rechargeable battery and energy storage systems (ESS), future mobility, 5G and next-generation semiconductors, pharmaceutical and healthcare, and digital technology and cultural content) which are considered new growth drivers of the Korean economy. It has historically focused on the shipbuilding and engineering & construction industries.
- KEXIM is 100% owned by the Korean government: 76% directly and the remainder through stakes held by the Bank of Korea (7%) and Korea Development Bank (17%). In contrast to peer policy banks IBK and KDB, KEXIM has remained more consistently a policy bank but its role has been adjusted to ensure it complements rather than competes with the Korean commercial banks.
Risk & Catalysts
AS OF 23 Jul 2025Previous Korean governments have made moves to privatise the other policy banks, but KEXIM has retained its policy bank role and government ownership, which are not likely to change.
Korea’s shipbuilders have long been the largest users of KEXIM’s services. Losses on exposure to the sector, in particular Daewoo Shipbuilding (DSME), pushed KEXIM into the red in 2016 but the government injected capital and its condition has recovered.
Together with KDB, KEXIM has played a key role in helping corporate Korea survive the COVID-19 induced crisis.
Key Metric
AS OF 23 Jul 2025| KRW bn | FY20 | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Impairment Operating Profit / Average Assets | 1.2% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.1% |
| ROAA | 0.1% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% |
| ROAE | 0.7% | 3.2% | 2.7% | 4.7% | 5.2% |
| Provisions/Average Loans | 1.2% | 0.5% | 0.8% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
| Nonperforming Loans/Total Loans | 1.8% | 1.9% | 1.2% | 0.7% | 0.9% |
| CET1 Ratio | 13.4% | 13.3% | 11.8% | 12.9% | 13.9% |
| Total Equity/Total Assets | 14.8% | 15.1% | 12.6% | 14.3% | 16.3% |
| Net Interest Margin (NIR/Ave Assets) | 0.9% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 0.7% | 0.6% |
CreditSight View Comment
AS OF 15 Sep 2025KEXIM is a wholly government owned policy bank benefiting from a Korean government solvency guarantee. It plays a key role in financing large-ticket exports in particular ships and large-scale overseas engineering projects. Its credit exposures include some industry and borrower concentrations especially to Korea’s shipbuilders and its financial performance has at times suffered. But the Korean government has always acted in a timely manner to endure its solvency, and with this strong backing we view it as a sound credit. We view its secondary levels as in line with where we would expect it to trade, and so continue with our Market perform recommendation.
Recommendation Reviewed: September 15, 2025
Recommendation Changed: September 22, 2020
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