S&P sees BSP cutting rates by 100 bps this year

CENTRAL BANKS in the Asia-Pacific including the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) are expected to cut rates further this year, S&P Global Ratings said.

“As inflation eases across the region, we expect central banks to cut rates, particularly in the slowing economies,” it said in a recent report.

S&P said it sees the Philippines’ benchmark rate ending at 4.75% this year, which implies 100 basis points (bps) worth of rate cuts in 2025.

The BSP put its easing cycle on hold after it kept interest rates steady at 5.75% last month, citing global trade uncertainties.

The central bank slashed rates by a total of 75 bps in 2024.

Despite the pause, BSP Governor Eli M. Remolona, Jr. said that they are still in easing mode. He said there is space for “a few more” rate cuts this year, signaling the possibility of up to 50 bps or even 75 bps of easing if economic output is much weaker than anticipated.

S&P noted that while growth in the region is slowing, easing inflation “will allow for more rate cuts.”

“Our economics team expects most Asia-Pacific economies will see slower growth in 2025. However, the degree of change varies widely,” it said.

S&P sees Philippine growth averaging 6% this year and 6.2% in 2026. This would be within the government’s 6-8% targets this year and in 2026.

The Philippines’ gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 5.6% in 2024, falling short of the government’s 6-6.5% full-year target.

The BSP earlier said it sees economic growth settling at the lower end of the government’s 6-8% targets from this year until 2026, citing elevated global commodity prices and heightened trade uncertainties.

Meanwhile, the credit rater expects headline inflation to settle at 3.1% this year and 3.2% in 2026. This is well within the BSP’s 2-4% target.

The BSP forecasts inflation to average 3.5% this year and 3.7% next year, accounting for risks.

‘DIFFICULTIES AHEAD’
Meanwhile, the debt watcher said that the rating momentum in the region has “turned negative, flagging difficulties ahead.”

“Positive rating actions outnumbered negative ones substantially following first-half and third-quarter results last year,” it said.

“However, ratings momentum dipped into the negative from the start of the year in the wake of rapid US policy changes.”

In November, S&P Global affirmed its “BBB+” long-term credit rating for the Philippines but raised its outlook to “positive” from “stable” to reflect the economy’s strong growth potential amid improved institutional strength.

“The measures have triggered caution among firms, volatility in the financial markets, and have generally reduced visibility,” it said.

S&P said it expects firms to “tread more carefully through the year.”

“Governments across Asia-Pacific will be standing by to provide support. This raises the possibility of a range of outcomes, including some positive ones, particularly if direct and indirect effects of new US tariffs turn out to be less adverse than feared.”

TARIFF IMPACT
The credit rater also noted the impact of the United States’ tariff war on businesses in the region.

“Most rated firms in the region can manage much of the direct impact of higher US duties given their typically low reliance on that market. However, indirect stresses pose material risks to many sectors.”

“Indirect effects may include a regional or global economic slowdown, or the risk that countries dump cheap goods on markets to offset a loss of access to the US,” it added.

US President Donald J. Trump is planning to impose reciprocal tariffs on countries that tax US imports in early April.

Since taking office in January, Mr. Trump has imposed a 20% levy on all Chinese imports and a 25% tariff on all steel and aluminum imports.

S&P said that 84% of firms in the region are investment grade, which implies “substantial resilience.” These rated firms are seen as “well positioned to withstand potential tariff effects.”

“However, downgrades have outnumbered upgrades in Asia-Pacific since the start of 2025. This suggests to us that this year may be more challenging than 2024,” it said.

“Ratings concentrations at the lower end of investment grade, and a growing bias toward negative outlooks in some countries and sectors, point to pockets of risks.”

The region’s trade surplus with the US also puts it at risk from restrictive tariffs. After China, Southeast Asia has the second-largest trade surplus at $241 billion.

“Most countries in Asia-Pacific have limited direct exposure to the US as an export market, but variability is high.”

The US is the top destination for Philippine-made goods. In 2024, exports to the US were valued at $12.12 billion or 16.6% of total export sales.

On the other hand, the value of Philippine imports from the US stood at $8.17 billion or 6.4% of total imports in 2024.

While there are limited direct effects, material indirect risks still threaten the region, S&P said.

“Asia-Pacific countries with large export sectors are exposed to the indirect effects of US tariffs, which may trigger a global or regional slowdown,” it said.

“To offset loss of US sales, goods intended for export to the US may be redirected to regional markets at lower prices. This is an important secondary risk that may hit issuer margins and disrupt their sales.” — Luisa Maria Jacinta C. Jocson

Philippine stock exchange’s tech glitches may dent foreign investor confidence

The Philippine Stock Exchange, Inc. (PSE) is being urged to invest more in advanced infrastructure as technical glitches that affect trading may dent investor confidence, analysts said.

Trading was delayed by nearly two hours on Monday morning due to a “system connectivity issue,” the PSE said in an advisory.

The market opened at 11:10 a.m. instead of the usual 9:30 a.m.

The delay may have dampened trading in the stock market. The PSE’s main index closed Monday’s session down by 1.19% to 6,192.02, with all indices in the red.

Analysts said the local bourse operator should strengthen the trading infrastructure since technical disruptions have hit the stock market every year since 2022.

“Time is money in financial markets. This is why it’s important for the PSE to ensure that we have a reliable trading infrastructure that can support transactions during business hours,” Juan Paolo E. Colet, managing director at China Bank Capital Corp., said in a Viber message.

While there has been no significant impact, Mr. Colet said that “if we’re trying to make our market more attractive to investors, these glitches don’t help.”

Peter Louise D.C. Garnace, an equity research analyst at Unicapital Securities, Inc., said trading delays or suspensions arising from PSE’s connectivity problems “have serious implications for various stakeholders.”

“Trading delays may sow fear or panic among investors in the absence of an immediate disclosure from the local bourse regarding the issue,” he said in a Viber message.

Mr. Garnace noted how the market stayed in the red throughout the first half of Monday’s trading session.

He noted that trading volume is expected to be subdued as connectivity issues make it difficult for trading participants to execute trades efficiently.

Having such delays in market sessions affects the reputation of the PSE as these incidents “raise concerns about the reliability and integrity of its trading systems,” said Mr. Garnace.

“As delays and disruptions in the exchange’s operations can erode investor confidence, we believe the market operator must further strengthen its trading infrastructure and enhance transparency to reassure investors that the local bourse remains reliable,” he said.

Toby Allan C. Arce, head of sales trading at Globalinks Securities and Stocks, Inc., said foreign investors might raise concerns about the PSE’s operational robustness amid these technical disruptions.

“Such incidents, if recurrent, could dent investor confidence, particularly among those who prioritize seamless trading environments,” he said via Viber.

Mr. Arce said the PSE could take proactive measures such as investing in “advanced, fail-safe infrastructure.” He said the PSE should also ensure it has redundant connectivity systems to prevent similar incidents, as well as maintain investor trust.

“Regular system audits, transparent communication during disruptions, and prompt resolution mechanisms can further reassure investors about PSE’s commitment to maintaining high standards of reliability,” Mr. Arce said.

“Additionally, the PSE could engage with stakeholders to provide clarity and updates, minimizing any negative sentiment stemming from such occurrences,” he said.

The PSE experienced a 40-minute delay during its pre-open period on Dec. 9, 2024.

There was also a cancellation of trading on Jan. 4, 2022 due to “technical problems encountered in establishing connection between the NASDQ trading engine and the Flextrade front-end system.”

In 2015, the PSE migrated to its new trading system, the PSEtrade XTS using NASDAQ’s X-stream Trading technology.

The PSEtrade XTS, which replaced its previous platform, is capable of handling large trading volumes and supporting future requirements, according to the company. – Sheldeen Joy Talavera, Reporter

Gov’t to review rice tariffs ahead of harvest season

The government is reviewing the lower tariffs on imported rice ahead of the local harvest season next month, according to the presidential palace.

“To ensure our farmers are not significantly affected (by lower tariffs), this will be reviewed… Once the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) provides a detailed report, it will be forwarded to the Office of the Executive Secretary for submission to the President,” Presidential Communications Office (CO) Undersecretary Clarissa A. Castro said at a Palace briefing in mixed English and Filipino.

Executive Order (EO) No. 62, which took effect in July 2024, lowered import tariffs on rice to 15% from 35% until 2028 to tame inflation.

Under the EO, the rice tariff is subject to a review by the NEDA every four months.

Despite the implementation of lower tariffs, prices of rice have remained elevated in local markets.

According to the Agriculture department’s price monitoring of Metro Manila markets as of March 22, a kilogram of imported special rice was priced around PHP 50 to PHP 60, slightly lower than the PHP 57 to PHP 65 a year ago.

Local well-milled rice is now priced at PHP 38 to PHP 54 per kilo versus PHP 49 to PHP 58 a year ago. Regular milled rice is priced at PHP 32 to PHP 49 per kilo versus PHP 50 a year ago.

The Tariff Commission is scheduled to hold a public hearing on March 28 to tackle the Samahang Industriya ng Agrikultura’s (SINAG) petition seeking to raise the rice tariff back to 35%.

SINAG Executive Director Jayson H. Cainglet said in a Viber message the Tariff Commission would likely raise tariffs due to admissions from agencies such as NEDA and the Bureau of Customs that rice prices remain high despite the lower tariffs.

“We cannot see how the Tariff Commission will decide otherwise,” he said. “And they should explain if they will decide otherwise, on what basis? What data will they use?”

Former Agriculture Secretary William D. Dar said lower tariffs will help bring down prices of rice.

“While imported rice is more than enough, the problem remains having high rice prices in the market… The reason why tariffs were lowered was due to spiraling rice prices and I believe that lowering tariffs will contribute to lower rice prices,” he said in a Viber message.

Mr. Dar said the government should also ramp up efforts against hoarding and price manipulation.

“The key problem now for the government to handle is the alleged hoarding and price manipulation,” Mr. Dar said. “Smuggling is another issue to be handled squarely.”

Former Agriculture Undersecretary Fermin D. Adriano backed a review of the lower tariffs on rice.

“For as long as the decision is based on sound analysis such as considering the impact on producers, consumers and the economy and not on political consideration alone, (a review on rice tariffs) should be done,” he said in a Viber message. — JVDO

Lower IPO float creates uneven field

The recently announced move of the Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) to lower the minimum public ownership (MPO) for large initial public offerings (IPOs) may not be good for investor confidence as it creates an “uneven playing field,” stock market analysts said.

“It’s not good optics for the PSE, since they have been fairly active in penalizing companies that fall below public float requirements, and this might be viewed as the regulator bending the rules a little bit to accommodate big corporate interests,” AP Securities, Inc. Research Head Alfred Benjamin R. Garcia said in a Viber message.

Unicapital Securities, Inc. Research Head Wendy B. Estacio-Cruz said in a Viber message that the lower MPO creates an uneven playing field.

“If exemptions become the norm, it might create an uneven playing field where larger firms get more leniency than smaller ones, potentially discouraging fair competition,” she said.

PSE President and Chief Executive Officer Ramon S. Monzon said last week that the market operator has secured approval from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to lower the public float requirement to encourage undecided companies to proceed with their listing plans.

IPO-bound companies can initially comply with a 15% public float, as long as they commit to raising the public float to 20% within two years.

Mr. Monzon has said the move is not permanent and will be revisited in the coming years.

“We have a two-year window, then if that’s not working, we will extend it for another two years,” he added.

The PSE’s move comes as GCash, controlled by Globe Fintech Innovations (Mynt), plans to go public later this year.

Bloomberg quoted Globe Telecom, Inc. President and Chief Executive Officer and Mynt Chairman Ernest Cu as saying that the GCash IPO will partly depend on regulators agreeing to lower the public float to 10-15% for bigger offerings.

However, Mr. Garcia said relaxing the public float requirement for IPOs is not in line with ongoing efforts to improve corporate governance standards in the country.

“A lower percentage of public ownership means that the public is a smaller minority that can easily be overruled or ignored when making corporate decisions,” he said.

“It would also have long-term implications in terms of the attractiveness of the Philippine market to investors. The requirement to raise the public ownership level up to 20% would also provide an overhang for those subscribing to the IPO, since there is a sure dilution of your stake in the next two years,” he added.

Ms. Estacio-Cruz said a prolonged lower public float may also “lead to reduced stock liquidity and higher price volatility, making the market less attractive for retail investors.”

Rizal Commercial Banking Corp. Chief Economist Michael L. Ricafort said in a Viber message that the lower public float for IPO-bound firms should only be a temporary relief.

“This could be a temporary regulatory reprieve while there is market volatility that somewhat reduced market interest. It could be reinstated after some time especially once market conditions improve, since these are part of market reforms,” Mr. Ricafort said.

“However, there should be a delicate balance to encourage more companies to list shares in a challenging market environment,” he added.

Meanwhile, China Bank Capital Corp. Managing Director Juan Paolo E. Colet said in a Viber message that the recent move by the PSE will help persuade some companies that are facing difficulty in meeting the 20% MPO.

“Ideally, we would like listed companies to have a high public float to enable more investors to participate in wealth creation, promote better corporate governance standards, and enhance market liquidity,” he said.

“Public float and liquidity are particularly important to foreign investors and are critical criteria for inclusion in global and regional equity indices. Thus, if we would like to attract more foreign capital flows into our stock market, it would make sense to promote measures and cultivate conditions that boost public ownership and trading levels,” he added.

The local bourse has yet to see an IPO this year. However, some of the expected public listings include GCash, Pangilinan-led water concessionaire Maynilad Water Services, Inc., and Cebu-based fuel retailer Top Line Business Development Corp.

The PSE is expecting six IPOs this year. – Revin Mikhael D. Ochave, Reporter

External debt service burden rises to USD 17.2B in 2024

The country’s external debt service burden jumped to USD 17.16 billion in 2024, according to preliminary data from the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP).

Central bank data showed debt servicing on external borrowings climbed by 15.6% to USD 17.16 billion last year from USD 14.85 billion in 2023.

Broken down, amortization payments rose by 15.3% to USD 8.94 billion in 2024 from USD 7.76 billion in the previous year.

Meanwhile, interest payments increased by 15.9% year on year to USD 8.22 billion in 2024 from USD 7.1 billion in 2023.

The BSP said that the debt service burden represents principal and interest payments after rescheduling.

This includes principal and interest payments on fixed medium- and long-term credits including International Monetary Fund credits, loans covered by the Paris Club and commercial banks’ rescheduling, and New Money Facilities.

It also covers interest payments on fixed and revolving short-term liabilities of banks and nonbanks.

However, the debt service burden data exclude prepayments on future years’ maturities of foreign loans and principal payments on fixed and revolving short-term liabilities of banks and nonbanks.

Latest data from the BSP showed the Philippines’ outstanding external debt rose by 9.8% to USD 137.63 billion as of end-December 2024 from USD 125.39 billion in the same period in 2023.

This brought the external debt-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio to 29.8% at the end of 2024, higher than 28.7% at end-2023.

At end-2024, the external debt service burden as a share of GDP stood at 3.7%, up from 3.4% in the previous year.

The BSP’s external debt data cover borrowings of Philippine residents from nonresident creditors, regardless of sector, maturity, creditor type, debt instruments or currency denomination.

Rizal Commercial Banking Corp. Chief Economist Michael L. Ricafort said the rise in external debt payments was due to the National Government’s need to finance the budget deficit amid relatively higher interest rates.

“Large amounts of borrowings since the pandemic also increased both principal and interest payments, as some of them already started to mature,” he said.

“However, most of the country’s external debts are mostly medium- to long-term, thereby making debt servicing more manageable,” he added.

The NG’s budget deficit narrowed by 0.38% to PHP 1.506 trillion in 2024 from PHP 1.512 trillion in 2023. However, it exceeded the PHP 1.48-trillion deficit ceiling set by the Development Budget Coordination Committee.

“Going forward, future external borrowings would be a function of budget deficit performance in the coming months amid tax and other fiscal reform measures to help narrow the budget deficit,” Mr. Ricafort said.

Further policy easing by the BSP could also help ease interest payments, he added.

From this year to 2027, the NG plans to source at least 80% of its borrowing program from domestic sources, and 20% from foreign lenders. The government previously adopted a 75:25 borrowing mix. — Luisa Maria Jacinta C. Jocson

Philippines gross borrowings inch up to PHP 213B in Jan.

The National Government’s (NG) gross borrowings inched up in January amid a rise in domestic debt, the Bureau of the Treasury (BTr) said.

Data from the BTr showed that the total gross borrowings in the first month of 2025 rose by 4.92% to PHP 213.14 billion from PHP 203.15 billion a year prior.

Domestic debt accounted for the bulk or 71.41% of total gross borrowings for the month.

In January, gross domestic borrowings stood at PHP 152.2 billion, up 7.56% from PHP 141.51 billion in the same month in 2024.

This consisted of fixed-rate Treasury bonds amounting to PHP 140 billion and Treasury bills worth PHP 12.2 billion.

On the other hand, gross external debt slipped by 1.14% to PHP 60.94 billion in January from PHP 61.65 billion in the same month last year.

Broken down, program loans stood at PHP 56.29 billion and project loans were at PHP 4.65 billion.

“Primarily to finance the budget deficit, as some of the borrowings by the NG may also be front-loaded, just like the USD 3.29-billion global bond sale amid market volatility brought about by [Donald J.] Trump’s tariffs/protectionist policies,” Rizal Commercial Banking Corp. Chief Economist Michael L. Ricafort said.

In January, the BTr said the Philippines raised USD 3.29 billion from the sale of the US dollar and euro-denominated bonds.

For 2025, the government set the financing program at PHP 2.545 trillion, where 80% will come from local lenders and 20% will be sourced from foreign sources.

Mr. Ricafort said future NG borrowings supported by fiscal reform measures could help to narrow the budget deficit, while rate cuts from the US Federal Reserve and the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas may ease interest payments. — Aubrey Rose A. Inosante

IC eyes measures to improve HMO regulation

The Insurance Commission (IC) is pushing for measures to better regulate the health maintenance organization (HMO) sector to strengthen healthcare in the country, including a law covering the industry and possibly transferring its oversight or jointly regulating it with another agency, its top official said.

Insurance Commissioner Reynaldo A. Regalado told reporters on Thursday that the IC is working on rules to strengthen the HMO industry.

The IC on March 13 issued a draft circular scrapping the planned increase in existing HMOs’ minimum capital requirement.

The latest draft now only requires new HMOs to have a paid-up capital of at least PHP 100 million and classifies companies into tiers based on their net worth, requiring them to maintain a net worth not lower than their capital base.

The regulator in 2024 had sought comments on a possible hike in the sector’s minimum paid-up capital, which it had planned to implement over 10 years. Under the earlier proposal, from the current PHP 10-million requirement, existing HMOs needed to have at least PHP 50 million in paid-up capital by end-2024, which would be increased every three years to reach PHP 500 million by end-2034.

Mr. Regalado said the new proposal was the result of “a more extensive discussion” with HMOs.

“There are HMOs that have been operating on a certain level whose responsibilities have been properly exercised the whole time. What we saw is they can still maintain the level and the quality of service that they can provide without actually having to go big [in terms of capital],” he said. “So, we thought, we don’t need to make them big. We just need to make them effective.”

The IC will focus on prudential regulation, including for HMOs’ expansion, Mr. Regalado added. “We’re putting focus on how we’re supposed to be handling HMOs.”

“We really need to have them properly regulated… That’s why we’re putting all these rules already. The next thing to consider… is to have a new HMO Code,” he said.

Mr. Regalado was referring to House Bill No. 8787 filed by Malasakit and Bayanihan Party-list Rep. Anthony T. Golez, Jr. or the HMOs Act of 2023, which seeks to provide a regulatory framework for the sector in recognition of these firms as “unique medical service providers combining financial management and the direct and indirect provision of health services.”

Under the proposal, HMOs will be regulated by a new agency attached to the Department of Health.

The IC chief said the agency remains open to handing over the supervision and regulation of the HMO sector or possibly jointly handling it with another government agency.

He said they are looking to discuss the matter with the Department of Health, especially state health insurer Philippine Health Insurance Corp. (PhilHealth).

“PhilHealth is like the HMO without competition. That’s how they operate to a certain extent,” Mr. Regalado said. “PhilHealth is improving their services, and that will have an effect on HMOs — positively in the first part, but later on, we will have to adjust. It could lead to better services and better offerings for HMOs.”

“We want to know where we can come in… I’m open to any arrangement that can help the bottom line, which is self-protection.”

The HMO industry booked a combined net income of P979.8 million last year, a turnaround from the P4.27 billion net loss recorded in 2023, latest IC data showed. — AMCS

More rate cuts likely if growth weakens

The Bangko ng Pilipinas (BSP) could cut rates next month, its top official said, noting the possibility of up to 75 basis points (bps) worth of easing for the entire year if economic output weakens further.

“We’ve been on an easing cycle for a while now. We just took a pause,” BSP Governor Eli M. Remolona, Jr. told Bloomberg in a televised interview with Haslinda Amin on Wednesday.

He said there was a higher likelihood that the Monetary Board will deliver a rate cut at its policy review on April 10, especially if inflation turns out better than expected.

Inflation sharply eased to 2.1% in February, bringing the two-month average to 2.5%. This is well within the central bank’s 2-4% target.

March inflation data will be released on April 4.

Mr. Remolona also signaled the possibility of up to 50 bps worth of rate cuts this year. However, if economic output is weaker than anticipated, the central bank can deliver up to 75 bps worth of easing.

The Philippines’ gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 5.6% in 2024, falling short of the government’s revised 6-6.5% full-year target.

In its latest monetary policy report, the BSP said it sees economic growth settling at the lower end of the government’s 6-8% targets from this year until 2026, citing elevated global commodity prices and trade uncertainties.

First-quarter GDP data will be released on May 8.

US recession

Meanwhile, the BSP chief said that while he does not see a recession in the United States, a slowdown is “very likely.”

US President Donald J. Trump has pledged to impose broad reciprocal tariffs and additional sector-specific tariffs starting on April 2.

Markets have been bracing for the potential impacts from inflationary pressures arising from these tariffs, which could prompt the US Federal Reserve to delay its own easing cycle.

The US central bank decided to hold interest rates steady on Wednesday, as expected. Fed Chair Jerome H. Powell said they are in no hurry to make any moves amid economic uncertainties.

Mr. Remolona said the tariff war would “absolutely” have spillover effects on the Philippines.

“The tariff war is likely to slow down growth for everybody and then raise inflation for everybody. By how much, we don’t really know. But the bigger factor is the uncertainty itself,” he said.

However, this would only have a “modest” hit on the Philippine economy.

“We’ll be hit somewhat because we’re part of a global economy,” Mr. Remolona added.

Room for easing

Meanwhile, the BSP has space to deliver further policy easing amid low inflation, Nomura Global Markets Research said.

“Downside risks to growth, low inflation and high real rates mean there is still room to ease,” Nomura Global Markets Research analysts Sonal Varma and Si Ying Toh said in a report.

Nomura expects the central bank to cut rates by 75 bps this year.

“Disinflation is underway in Asia, with inflation falling within central bank targets across most countries,” it said.

Nomura said it also expects low inflation to be sustained.

“Underlying inflation has moderated by 1.2 percentage point compared to six months ago, and it has the second-highest real policy rate in the region, which suggests still-restrictive policy rates,” Nomura said.

“We expect another 75 bp in policy rate cuts, which would take the policy rate to 5% by end-2025.”

Meanwhile, ANZ Research said it expects the BSP to cut by 50 bps this year.

“For the remainder of 2025, we anticipate 50 bp of additional rate cuts in Indonesia, the Philippines, South Korea and Thailand,” it said in its latest research quarterly report.

“Monetary policy will be less efficacious, in our view. Monetary policy in the region has been a little more independent of the Fed than we had initially assumed,” it added.

Meanwhile, ANZ said it expects GDP to grow by 5.7% this year. This would miss the government’s 6-8% target for 2025.

It noted that household savings in the Asia region have been subpar.

“Savings shortfalls are high in Indonesia and the Philippines, where surveys revealed a drop in the share of income being allocated towards savings or a fall in the share of households with optimal savings.”

“Households are also becoming more circumspect on leverage. The Philippines is the only exception where household borrowings are still growing at a solid pace. However, considering weak survey outlook on the financial condition of families, this lending cycle is unlikely to sustain in the long term.” — Luisa Maria Jacinta C. Jocson with Bloomberg

Creative economy’s value nears PHP 2-T in 2024

The value of the Philippines’ creative economy neared PHP 2 trillion in 2024, the statistics agency said on Thursday.

Data from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) showed the gross value added (GVA) of the country’s creative industry-related activities expanded by 8.7% year on year to PHP 1.94 trillion in 2024 from P1.78 trillion in 2023.

However, the creative sector’s growth slowed from the 9.9% seen in 2023, and 13.3% in 2022.

With a GVA of P1.94 trillion, the creative economy accounted for 7.3% of the Philippines’ gross domestic product (GDP) at current prices in 2024, same as in 2023.

The creative economy is composed of industries such as film, digital services, research and development, media publishing, music, arts, entertainment, advertising, art galleries, museums and trade shows,” according to the PSA.

According to PSA data, symbols and images and other related activities had the largest share at 33% or PHP 640.29 billion of the sector’s total gross value added in 2024. These include manufacturing and trading of symbols and images in textiles, fashion, toys, footwear, furniture and other accessories.

Advertising, research and development, and other artistic service activities accounted for a 21% share or PHP 414.53 billion, while digital interactive goods and service activities contributed 20.6% or PHP 398.95 billion.

Meanwhile, media publishing and printing made up 10.4% or PHP 201.45 billion of the industry’s total gross value added.

In 2024, there were 7.51 million employed in the creative industries, rising by 3.9% from 7.23 million in the previous year.

“The share of employment in creative industries to the total employment in the country was at 15.4% in 2024,” the PSA said.

Of the total jobs in the creative sector, 36.6% are from traditional cultural expression activities, or equivalent to 2.75 million jobs.

Symbols and images and other related activities employed 2.21 million, representing 29.5% of the industry’s jobs.

This was followed by advertising, research and development, and other artistic service activities that accounted for 17.9% or 1.34 million of the total jobs in the creative economy.

“The creative economy has grown without any significant support from the government. It is crucial then that government intervention creates no blocks for this sector to grow,” Leonardo A. Lanzona, an economics professor at the Ateneo de Manila University said via Facebook Messenger on Thursday.

“Because of its comparative advantage, markets will be sufficient for this grow, but attempts must be made for greater learning by doing to increase the scale of production and reduce average costs.”

Mr. Lanzona noted that the creative industries should be exposed to international competition to “induce greater efficiency.”

“Given our natural creativity and inherent ability to adapt to changes, the creative economy is expected to grow. AI (artificial intelligence) should be seen as an opportunity not a barrier,” he said.

Meanwhile, Jose Jean Paolo A. Jalandoni, Marketing and Communications Manager of The Performing Arts and Recreation Center (PARC) Foundation said the impact of AI on the creative economy is “complex and multifaceted.”

“It presents both opportunities and challenges. AI’s ultimate impact on the creative economy will depend on how it’s implemented and regulated,” Mr. Jalandoni said.

However, he also flagged risks of job displacement, copyright issues, and ethical concerns arising from the use of AI.

William T. Guido, Chairman of The PARC Foundation Board of Trustees and Founder of the National Digital Arts Awards (NDAA), said the economy needs more than just talent to thrive.

“Talent is undeniably crucial, but equally important is the availability of work. PARC and the NDAA provide vital avenues for showcasing these artists to potential employers, creating a direct pipeline from training and recognition to sustainable careers,” Mr. Guido said.

He said the foundation helps Filipino creatives by investing in accessible arts education and creating platforms for exposure to build the “truly thriving creating economy.”

The PARC Foundation nonprofit organization founded in 2015, is committed to harnessing the power of performing arts to transform lives — especially the youth. – Aubrey Rose A. Inosante, Reporter

Philippines is 4th happiest country in Southeast Asia

The Philippines slipped to 57^th place out of 147 countries in the latest World Happiness Report (WHR), despite showing an improvement in its overall happiness score.

In the latest WHR released on Thursday, the Philippines’ level of happiness rose to 6.107 out of 10 in 2025 from 6.048 previously.

The level of happiness is based on the self-assessed life evaluations averaged for the 2022-2024 period.

Last year’s report showed the Philippines ranked 53^rd out of 143 countries, marking its highest placement in four years.

The Philippines is the fourth happiest in the Southeast Asian region, behind Singapore (ranked 34^th with a score of 6.565), Vietnam (ranked 46^th with a score of 6.352), and Thailand (ranked 49^th with a score of 6.222).

The report is published by the Wellbeing Research Centre at the University of Oxford in partnership with Gallup and the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network.

Nordic nations continued to be the happiest in the world, led by Finland for the eighth consecutive year, which scored 7.736 out of 10. Denmark ranked second, followed by Iceland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Costa Rica, Norway, Israel, Luxembourg and Mexico.

The US fell to its lowest-ever ranking of 24^th.

At the bottom is Afghanistan, which was once again the unhappiest country in the world. Also at the bottom were Sierra Leone, Lebanon, Malawi, and Zimbabwe.

Experts analyzed data across six key factors: gross domestic product per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, freedom, generosity, and corruption.

“We previously found a global surge in benevolent acts during 2020, led by the helping of strangers, which continued through subsequent years. Last year, we found these acts to be prevalent in all generations, especially among Millennials and Gen Z. We suggested that this upsurge of benevolent acts might have led people to feel better about themselves and their neighbors,” the report said.

The WHR noted that acts of kindness remain 10% more frequent across all generations and in nearly all global regions compared with 2017–2019, even as trends gradually return to pre-pandemic levels.

“Global evidence on the perceived and actual return of lost wallets shows that people are much too pessimistic about the kindness of their communities compared to reality. Actual rates of wallet return are around twice as high as people expect,” the report said.

“Believing that others are willing to return your lost wallet is also shown to be a strong predictor of population happiness,” it added.

Over the past 15 years, inequality in happiness within countries has been increasing, while inequality in happiness between countries has remained relatively stable.

Despite this, WHR noted prosocial behavior, or altruism, declined in the Philippines. The decrease was largely associated with a decrease in donating money.

“The average change is -0.23 percentage points per year… the decrease was prevalently associated with a decrease in donating money,” it added.

“However, this increase masks two contrasting trends: on the one hand, an increase in the share of people helping others (0.56); on the other hand, a decrease in volunteering (-0.15).”

In terms of regional patterns of social connection, the WHR noted data from the Government Finance Statistics showed that while most young adults report having at least one social connection, a significant number are socially isolated.

Across 22 countries and regions, 17% of young adults report having no close relationships, including family and friends.

Japan stands out with over 30% of its young adult population experiencing social isolation. In contrast, countries like Nigeria, Egypt, and the Philippines report significantly lower rates, with less than 10% of young adults lacking close connections.

Other key findings were that 19% of young adults in 2023 across the world reported having no one they could count on for social support.

In addition, the study showed significant differences in meal-sharing rates exist worldwide, with meal-sharing having a profound impact on subjective well-being, comparable to the effects of income and unemployment.

Moreover, social connections are essential for the well-being of young adults, offering a protective buffer against the harmful effects of stress.

Deaths of despair are less common in countries where acts of kindness are more frequent.

In the US and parts of Europe, declining happiness and social trust have contributed to increasing political polarization and a rise in anti-system votes.

Sought for comment, Federation of Free Workers (FFW) Vice-President Julius H. Cainglet said the dip in altruistic behavior among Filipinos may be attributed to low wages.

“Workers, even if they are willing to give simply cannot give since they have nothing owing to the meager increase in wages over the past two years given by regional wage boards that have not been enough to cover the lost value of wages,” he said in a Viber chat.

The inability to meet their families’ basic needs has caused significant stress and anxiety among workers, he added.

“Having extra money would have helped by enabling workers and their families to engage in more social and recreational activities. Thus, increasing wages to living wage levels would greatly contribute to regaining the Country’s spot atop the prosocial behavior ratings and the happiness index,” he added. — Chloe Mari A. Hufana

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